Influence of different concentrations of nicotinic acid on the electrochemical fabrication of copper film from an ionic liquid based on the complexation of choline chloride-ethylene glycol

The use of additives to modulate metal electrodeposition from deep eutectic solvents has, date, apparently been little interest given the dearth such studies in literature. Here, we have actively investigated effects nicotinic acid (NA) on copper a choline chloride (ChCl)-ethylene glycol (EG)-based solvent (DES), (1ChCl:2EG), considered “green solvent” due its physiochemical properties. Bright deposits were formed when NA was added Cu electrolyte, while dull deposit produced absence. New species found 1ChCl:2EG-based liquid electrolyte. A number analytical techniques, this instance cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and chronocoulometery, employed determine various electrochemical properties, nucleation mechanisms, kinetics reported herein. diffusion coefficient for Ethaline-Cu system be affected by concentration NA. An quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) used monitor current efficiency deposition both systems. morphologies, thicknesses, roughnesses, structures electrodeposited NA-modified electrolyte characterised via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), which between them demonstrate that introduced into acts as highly effective brightener, producing uniform smooth deposits.